This 2022 paper explored TCK grief as frequently disenfranchised — not recognized or validated by others — because the losses (friends, communities, places) involved in moves are not seen as equivalent to other forms of loss by the wider society. Key findings: self-concept is affected by cumulative unacknowledged losses. When TCK grief is disenfranchised, it accumulates without processing and can lead to significant adult mental health challenges. The paper has important implications for parents, educators, counselors, and organizations working with internationally mobile children.